Coffee Roasting Information

As coffee beans are roasted they begin to increase in temperature. As the internal temperature in the beans gets higher the sugar will become more developed or caramelized. It is this caramelizing that makes the beans taste sweet. As the beans become darker the sugar goes from caramelized to burnt. When a coffee bean master roaster is roasting the beans he will have enough experience to know when to stop roasting the beans exactly when they reach their ideal internal temperature. Coffee beans are generally roasted so the internal temperature is between 415 to 460 degrees Fahrenheit. At about 415 degrees they will be considered a light roast. At 425 the beans will reach a medium range of roasting and darkness and at the top range they will be like an Italian roast or very dark beans.

After a coffee roaster has learned all about coffee roasting he may travel to meet some of the growers so he can learn more about how the beans grow and their qualities. This is important information in the coffee roasting business. As he gets familiar with the different beans he will then know how to combine them to make superb coffee bean blends because he will understand their acidity levels and their special qualities which will make them taste wonderful after they are roasted and are blended.

Coffee roasting also involves chemistry as coffee beans have various acids within them and depending on how long they are actually roasted will determine how these various acids will develop and that determines how the beans will taste. Roasting will affect the acidity and the aroma of the resulting beans. Various roasting times and temperatures will allow the different chemical reactions to take place and these chemical reactions occur at different temperatures and also depend on how long those beans are held at certain temperatures. So just tossing some beans in a coffee bean roaster will not result in flavors that are vibrant and rich. It takes time and lots of practice to learn how to perfectly roast green coffee beans to perfection. And that perfection maybe only in the mind of the roaster because he may have his own timings and patterns that he follows so that he can duplicate his efforts consistently.

But then there is the fact that the green coffee beans itself has its own vagaries due to growing conditions and so forth, add that to this mix and you will get some interesting coffee bean flavors when roasted. As the green coffee bean roasts it will change physically also. The bean decreases in weight as the moisture is roasted out of it. It also increases in volume and becomes less dense. It caramelizes as the heat causes the starches to break down into simple sugars. As the beans start to brown the sucrose which is the organic compound know as table sugar, diminishes and it may disappear entirely in the darkest roasts. In general darker roasts are bolder and lighter roasts are more complex but not necessarily stronger.

By: John V Rose

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