When its time to make a claim due to a disaster or break ins, you can take the following steps to make things easier for you.
I assume that you know what is in your home. So after the incident, make a list of the items damaged or missing. Do a thorough search of the entire house including the yards so as not to miss anything from the most expensive to the cheapest.
You would be required then to fill a form to start the claim process. You actually may not need to go to their office to do this as many of them offer online interfaces where you can do this.
In filling the form, you would likely be required to do a detailed description of items you are claiming on. This would include price,maybe manufacturers details, date of purchase. Just get all these information ready. It is better to have more information than to have less.
It is certain that you would have to get ready your proof of ownership of the items you are claiming on. Without this you may have no grounds to claim.
Know that the insurance companies would certainly send their investigators to verify your claims.
It is important to know that insurance companies are never in a hurry to pay a claim as they take some time verifying your claim and until they do, you are sure not to get anything from them.
Once your claims are verified, you can relax and wait for a call from them and your check.
It is very important that you have all your proof of ownership on any of your insured items before anything happens.
Also get good quotes from reputable quotes sites before taking up a policy from any Insurance company.