Model train hobbyists frequently have questions about model train scale. Perhaps you're wondering what the most popular scales of model trains are, and how they differ from each other. You're probably also wondering which model train scale is best for you.
The wide range of model train scales can be confusing and can make the best choice for you difficult. One solution could be to mix scales on your layout -- many hobbyists do. "Scale" means proportion, and it indicates the ratio of your model size to the size of a real train.
Below is a quick reference chart to help you navigate through the most popular model train scales. To help you imagine proportions, I've included information that shows approximate actual size per 1 inch of each model size. The chart shows model train scale; from the largest to the smallest.
Common Model Model Actual
Name Scale Gauge Size Size
G Scale or
LGB Scale 1:22.5 1.750" 1" 1 foot, 11 inches
O Scale 1:480 1.250" 1" 4 feet
O27 Scale 1:480 1.250" 1" 4 feet
S Scale 1:640 0.875" 1" 5 feet, 4 inches
HO Scale 1:870 0.650" 1" 7 feet, 4 inches
TT Scale 1:120 0.470" 1" 10 feet
N Scale 1:160 0.353" 1" 13 feet, 4 inches
Z Scale 1:220 0.257" 1" 18 feet, 4 inches
Scale: Ratio between model size and actual size. The popular HO scale, for example, is 1:87, or 1/87th the size of a real train.
Gauge: The distance between each rail on the track. The larger the gauge number, the larger the scale and the more space you need in your layout.
Sizes: Information to help you visualize each scale. One inch of the popular HO scale, for example, equals about 7 feet, 4 inches in real train size.
G Scale: This is the largest popular model train scale, and is also known as LGB Scale. Sometimes the G Scale trains are referred to as garden scale trains. They are easy to operate and almost never derail. G Scale train layouts take up a lot of space, however, and equipment can be costly.
O Scale: This is the next-largest popular model train scale, preferred by many hobbyists for its size and authenticity. Like the G Scale, the O Scale is easy to operate. Also like the G Scale, equipment can get expensive.
O27 or O30 Scale: These scales are similar to the O Scale, but these train tracks can be laid out with tighter curves. The O27 track can be laid out in a 27" circle, where the O track takes up 31 inches. The O27 and O30 are more of a niche scale, making equipment for model trains sometimes hard to find.
S Scale: This scale is growing quickly in popularity, because it takes up only 10% more space than HO Scale.
HO Scale: This is by far the most popular scale in model trains. This scale works perfectly on a standard 4' x 8' piece of plywood, and enthusiasts of model trains can easily find equipment at competitive prices. With HO Scale, realistic layouts are often possible.
TT Scale: This scale is popular now for model trains in Europe, but has yet to gain a large following in the United States.
N Scale: The small size of the N Scale lends itself well to large layouts in limited space. When the layout and the scenery are a priority, the N Scale is perfect. But there can be challenges in working with such small equipment. And since it's not as popular as the HO Scale, equipment options for model trains are limited.
Z Scale: When space is scarce but the enthusiasm is high, the Z Scale is a wonderful option. A very large layout can be created in a very small space.
So which model train scale is the right one for you? Take all the factors into consideration and compare them to your situation. Then, with this guide you should be able to understand the differences between scales and narrow your options down to the best choice for your interests and space.
