Perennial vegetables deserve a place of honor in any vegetable garden.
A perennial plant is defined as having a life cycle of two years or more. Rhubarb is an example of a perennial which has been known to produce for years on end. They are almost a “set it and forget it” addition to the garden because only a minimum of TLC is required to maintain them and they will produce wonderfully tasting food for years.
Asparagus, horseradish, and rhubarb are among the most popular varieties of these plants, but chives, multiplier onions, and some of the flavoring and condiment plants, such as sage and mint, are also popular. Jerusalem Artichokes, artichokes and sorrel are also classified as perennials. Sadly, asparagus, horseradish and rhubarb are not adapted to conditions in the Deep South as they are cool weather perennials and will not thrive in hot weather.
Choose only those varieties that are hardy and suited to your growing zone and that will fit into the space you have chosen.
Advantages of perennials in the garden
Perennial plants require minimal soil preparation. One technique is to dig a hole 12 in. deep and 18 in. wide. At the bottom of the hole, loosen the soil up to the depth of about 8 to 10 in. At that time, add 4 to 6 in. of aged manure or compost in the bottom of the hole; this will keep the plants well fed for years. It is almost impossible to have the soil too rich, especially when using manure. These plants will develop deep root systems which will discourage disease and require less watering.
Perennial leaf systems develop earlier than most annuals this trait inhibits the growth of weeds. Minimum tilling is needed which does not disturb the root system or the organic matter in the soil.
Soil building is simply adding compost, mulch or humus each year. This will build up the nutritional value of the soil and increase the water holding capacity of the bed. Improving the soil will also increase the productivity and life span of your plants. Mulching the soil will also shade the roots.
Since the beds are permanent, a watering system such as a drip system or soaker hose can easily be utilized to good effect.
Disadvantages of perennials in the garden
They require a growing space which should be set apart from the regular garden in order to not be disturbed. Because they will be growing in the same location for many years, it is vital that the location receives plenty of sunlight and the soil is well drained and full of organic matter.
With some species, the harvest period will be quite short, so consider whether the commitment to using up precious garden space is worth it to your overall gardening plans.
With rhubarb, harvesting cannot be attempted until the second or third year after planting, but after the plants are well established, harvesting can be done on a continuous basis for many years to come.
